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Applications of Bridge Rubber Bearings

Mr. Liu June 26, 2025
1. Highway Bridges
1.1 Small and Medium - Span Beam Bridges
For highway beam bridges with small and medium spans (usually less than 30m), plain rubber bearings are commonly used. In a simple - supported beam bridge with a span of 20m, the plain rubber bearing, which is composed of multiple layers of rubber and thin steel plates vulcanized and bonded together, effectively transfers the load from the superstructure, such as the weight of the bridge deck and the live load of vehicles, to the substructure, including piers and abutments. Its sufficient vertical stiffness ensures stable load - bearing, and the good elasticity can adapt to the small rotation of the beam end under the action of vehicle loads.
1.2 Large - Span Continuous Beam Bridges and Rigid - Frame Bridges
In large - span continuous beam bridges or rigid - frame bridges, like some long - span cross - river or cross - sea bridges, pot rubber bearings are more suitable. For example, in a large - span cross - sea bridge with a main span of 500m, the pot rubber bearing can bear huge vertical pressures generated by the self - weight of the long - span bridge structure and heavy vehicle loads. Its horizontal displacement and rotation performance can well adapt to the complex deformations of the beam body caused by various factors such as temperature changes, concrete shrinkage and creep, and vehicle loads. The design of the pot rubber bearing, with a steel pot encapsulating a rubber pad, allows it to accommodate both large vertical loads and significant horizontal and rotational movements.
1.3 Special - Requirement Bridges
Teflon - coated rubber bearings play an important role in some highway bridges with special requirements. In bridges where reducing the frictional resistance at the beam end is necessary, such as in certain long - span bridges with large temperature - induced displacements, the low - friction coefficient between the Teflon plate and the stainless - steel plate enables the beam body to slide smoothly during expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. This effectively prevents the beam body from cracking or being damaged due to excessive restraint, ensuring the normal operation and durability of the bridge structure.
2. Railway Bridges
2.1 Small and Medium - Span Railway Bridges
In small and medium - span railway simple - supported beam bridges, specially designed plain rubber bearings can meet the requirements of railway train load transfer. Considering the high - frequency dynamic loads generated by trains running at high speeds, the plain rubber bearings can not only bear these dynamic loads but also buffer the impact force generated when the train passes through by its elastic deformation. This helps to reduce the damage to the bridge structure and the track, ensuring the safety and stability of railway operation. For example, in a 25m - span railway simple - supported beam bridge, the plain rubber bearing is designed to have high fatigue resistance to withstand the continuous impact of train wheels.
2.2 Large - Span Railway Bridges
For large - span railway continuous beam bridges and arch bridges, pot rubber bearings are the reliable support components. Given the characteristics of high - speed and heavy - load railway trains with concentrated loads, the high - strength and good displacement - adapting ability of pot rubber bearings can ensure the safe operation of bridges under the combined action of train loads and environmental factors. In addition, to meet the strict requirements of railway bridges for structural durability, the materials and structures of rubber bearings are optimized. For instance, rubber materials with better aging - resistance and fatigue - resistance are selected, and the manufacturing process of the bearing is refined to improve its service life and performance.
3. Urban Overpasses
3.1 Complex - Shaped Bridges
Urban overpasses often have diverse structural forms, including ramp bridges and over - line bridges, with many curved and skew bridges. Spherical - crowned plain rubber bearings are widely used in these overpasses. In a curved ramp bridge of an urban overpass, the spherical - crowned plain rubber bearing can well adapt to the spatial rotation and displacement of the beam end. Due to the complex traffic loads in urban areas, such as frequent starting, stopping, and turning of vehicles, the buffer performance of rubber bearings can effectively reduce the adverse effects of vehicle loads on the bridge structure. At the same time, it can also reduce the vibration and noise during driving, improving the driving comfort of vehicles.
3.2 Vibration and Noise Reduction
In addition to adapting to complex structural deformations, rubber bearings in urban overpasses also play a crucial role in vibration and noise reduction. The continuous movement of vehicles on overpasses generates vibrations. Rubber bearings, with their inherent damping properties, can absorb and dissipate these vibrations, reducing the transmission of vibrations to the surrounding environment. This is especially important in urban areas where noise and vibration control are required to improve the living environment of residents. For example, in an over - line bridge passing through a residential area, rubber bearings can significantly reduce the noise and vibration transmitted to the buildings below, minimizing the impact on residents.

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